為(wei)了(le)提高丙(bing)烯(xi)酸樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的耐水(shui)(shui)性(xing)、附(fu)(fu)著(zhu)力(li)以及耐溶劑性(xing),以桐(tong)油酸和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)E-44為(wei)原料制備(bei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi),采用溶液聚合和自乳(ru)化工藝合成了(le)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改(gai)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并引人氰(qing)特CY325氨基樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制備(bei)雙組分環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改(gai)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漆(qi)膜。利(li)用FT-IR、HNMR、粒徑(jing)測試(shi)(shi)等對環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)單體(ti)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改(gai)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的結構和性(xing)能(neng)(neng)進行表征和分析,并測試(shi)(shi)了(le)單組分和雙組分環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改(gai)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漆(qi)膜的硬度、光澤(ze)、吸水(shui)(shui)率(lv)、水(shui)(shui)接觸角、耐溶劑性(xing)等性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。結果表明(ming):當環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)用量為(wei)35%時(shi),單/雙組分漆(qi)膜綜(zong)合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)達到(dao)**,雙組分漆(qi)膜光澤(ze)(60°)達102.3,耐溶劑擦(ca)拭次數為(wei)500次,耐水(shui)(shui)性(xing)可達480h,附(fu)(fu)著(zhu)力(li)為(wei)0級,鉛筆硬度為(wei)4H,耐沖(chong)擊(ji)性(xing)為(wei)50cm。

丙烯酸樹脂具有良好的隔熱性和耐候性,廣泛應用于水性涂料中。但是傳統丙烯酸樹脂存在耐污性、耐水性、耐溶劑性差等缺點。為了改善這些缺陷,通常使用功能單體共聚或不同種類樹脂復合使用等方式對水性丙烯酸樹脂進行改性。王明品等以桐油酸、亞麻油酸與環氧樹脂E-20為原料制備了環氧酯樹脂,并將其與丙烯酸類單體接枝共聚制備水性涂料,漆膜表干<40min,實干<24h,耐水性可達240h。Hu等"將二氧化鈦納米顆粒分散在水性環氧改性桐油樹脂中,合成了功能化Ti0,/聚合物防污(AF)涂層,其中二氧化鈦納米顆粒可賦予AF涂層更好的防污性能。Zhang等"以甲基丙烯酸改性合成了含有末端C-C雙鍵的環氧樹脂,并部分保留了環氧基團,制備了水性環氧-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯復合乳膠,提高了漆膜的耐腐蝕性。周文濤等"制備出水溶性丙烯酸環氧樹脂乳液,與氨基樹脂復配,制備了金屬用底面合一的水性雙組分烤漆,漆膜硬度高、耐損傷性強。沈文軍等"用乳膠膠束的包裹作用,使雙酚A環氧二丙烯酸酯與丙烯酸酯單體混合物反應得到環氧改性丙烯酸樹脂,提升了漆膜的力學性能、熱穩定性和耐腐蝕性。王璐等中用多種油酸和E-12-20為原料合成了環氧酯樹脂,制備出具有多重交聯方式的水性環氧酯改性丙烯酸樹脂,漆膜的耐沖擊性達50cm,鉛筆硬度為2H,耐水性和耐鹽霧性均可達到240h。

環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黏合強度高,能牢(lao)固地黏合在(zai)金屬、陶瓷(ci)、玻璃和木材等基(ji)(ji)材表面(mian),且(qie)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)含有大量(liang)苯環(huan)(huan)和甲基(ji)(ji),可(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)高樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)疏水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)以及耐(nai)溶(rong)劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)，但大量(liang)的(de)(de)苯環(huan)(huan)結(jie)構會導致環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存在(zai)脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)大這(zhe)一缺(que)陷,可(ke)(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)酯(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)方式在(zai)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)鏈上接枝長鏈結(jie)構物(wu)質,改善這(zhe)一缺(que)陷。利用(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生植物(wu)油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)備環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并接枝丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)備環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)研究(jiu)已經較為深入,但并未對(dui)單(dan)/雙(shuang)組分(fen)漆膜(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能進行(xing)詳細對(dui)比分(fen)析,特別是漆膜(mo)在(zai)耐(nai)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)溶(rong)劑擦(ca)拭性(xing)(xing)(xing)方面(mian)仍有很(hen)大的(de)(de)提(ti)升空(kong)間。本(ben)研究(jiu)用(yong)(yong)桐油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)部分(fen)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)酯(zhi)化(hua),制(zhi)備環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),引(yin)入的(de)(de)桐油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)結(jie)構中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)不(bu)飽和鍵(jian)在(zai)常溫下即可(ke)(ke)(ke)實現固化(hua),保留部分(fen)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)。然(ran)后采用(yong)(yong)溶(rong)液聚合和自乳化(hua)工藝制(zhi)備了(le)(le)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),探討了(le)(le)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)添加量(liang)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)酯(zhi)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粒徑、相(xiang)對(dui)分(fen)子質量(liang)、穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和流變性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)影響,進一步用(yong)(yong)該樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)別制(zhi)備單(dan)/雙(shuang)組分(fen)漆膜(mo)進行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能對(dui)比。

（未完待續）

來(lai)源：陜(shan)西科技大學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)與化(hua)(hua)工學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)、西陜(shan)西省輕化(hua)(hua)工助劑重點(dian)實驗室、涂料工業，邁(mai)愛德(de)編輯(ji)整理